36 results
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hereditary:
 • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... Peripheral blood smear ... anemia • Hypochromic ... anemia (TTP, HUS ... #Anemia #Differential
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis
Hypochromia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS)
Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sickled red
Megaloblastic Anemia ... anemia (e.g. ... anemia Sickled ... disease Bite cells ... interpretation #clinical #anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... diagnosis #hematology #anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell ( ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... spherocytosis, Hemolytic ... Schistocytes - Hemolytic ... uremic syndrome
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... IgM) • Blood smear ... #hemolytic #anemia
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... Defects: Sickle cell ... anemia, Thalassemias ... Peripheral Blood Smear
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... • Nutritional: ... /jejunal nutrition ... Haematological: Anaemia
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
peripheral blood smear ... extramedullary disease ... - infiltrates (anemia ... • Peripheral smear ... • Tumor lysis syndrome
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
, sickle cell disease ... anemia, PNH, immune ... - Pernicious anemia ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... polyangiitis • Behçet's syndrome