286 results
Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD): Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - For diagnosis, must have either 26
Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD ... developmental level - ADHD ... hyperactivity-impulsivity ADHD ... with inattentive ADHD ... #BehavioralDisorder
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Utilizing Uric Acid ADH ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
the total body sodium ... osmolality, urine sodium ... there is reduced sodium ... results in increased sodium ... Measured urine sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Ineffective (UNa >30) • ADH ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Salt Wasting • ADH ... intake, UNa <20) • ADH ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Hyponatremia: • ADH ... salt wasting • ADH ... Algorithm #diagnosis #sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Neurological event 2) Sodium ... Hypovolaemia → ADH
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Inappropriate ADH ... insufficiency ADH ... Table #Causes #Sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Insipidus (Decr ADH ... Insipidus (Incr ADH
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
• UOsm > 300 - ADH ... - Appropriate ADH ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium