19 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #causes #primary
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... atrial myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential ... #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Involves aortic and mitral ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... ↑ ESR, CRP • EKG ... #management #cardiology
Cardiac Tamponade - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Caused by an accumulation of blood, pus, effusion fluid
Cardiac Tamponade ... tamponade recurs. ❿ Plan ... definitive management ... specialist referral. ⓫ Plan ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Infective/marantic endocarditis ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
Cardiac Stress Testing ... 85% of predicted value ... production to cause ... arrythmias Diagnostics: EKG ... #management #diagnosis
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
be divided into cardiac ... syncope, e.g., ... syncope (ruling out differential ... further guide management ... including orthostatic vital
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Bradycardia - Differential ... Bradycardia Cardiac ... Endocarditis + ... /Valve surgery ... #cardiology #BRADI
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
system including valves ... reservoir bag and APL valve ... consider: o Cardiac ... #Hypotension #Differential ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
sclerosis (both heart valve ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Regurgitation ... • Mitral Stenosis ... #cardiology