11 results
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers ... Sodium-channel blockers ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Aldosterone Release: ACE ... Release: NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Summary of Heart Blocks
1st Degree Heart Block:
 • Prolonged PR >200ms (5 small squares).
 • Narrow
Summary of Heart Blocks ... before dropped beat ... after dropped beat ... HeartBlocks #Types #Classification ... electrocardiogram #ecg
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
LMW heparin - ACE-I ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... bradycardia, AV blocks ... Combo of insulin + beta-agonist ... glucose <100 • Beta-agonist ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Algorithm
Visual Guide to AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT) - Pathophysiology
 - Dual AV nodal physiology is
Tachycardia (AVNRT) - Pathophysiology ... pathway which blocks ... created if the beat ... ECG usually shows ... Tachycardia #AVNRT #Pathophysiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
source of energy, conversion ... medications - Beta ... lactate and can act ... #typea #typeb #classification
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Beta-Adrenergic ... angiotensin receptor blockers ... Angiotensin receptor blockers ... inhibitors, ß-blockers ... High #Potassium #Classification