15 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Alkalosis • ↑ beta ... in pernicious anemia ... vomiting) • Low ... #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Beta Blocker approximate dose equivalents

Carvedilol 12.5 mg BlD 
Labetalol 100 mg BID 
Atenolol 50 mg daily
Beta Blocker approximate ... 50 mg BID - Amelia ... #equivalents #Conversion
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Release: NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers ... Tacrolimus - Amelia ... Pharmacology #Impaired #Potassium
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Strong Blockade, Slow ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... of phase 4 to slow ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... cells: Insulin, Beta-Agonist ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
deficiency - Heparin/ LMW ... Ketoconazole Low ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Causes of Anemia with Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Heme Synthesis or
with Low Mean Corpuscular ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal HgbA • Beta-Thalassemia ... No HgbA • Beta-Thalassemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... alpha & beta adrenergic ... slow Ca++ channels
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Labs: Ferritin, iron, transferrin, TIBC, TSAT, sTfR

 • Blood loss:
Iron Deficiency Anemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Achlorhydria: PPI/H2 blocker ... Pregnancy, Lactation, Low ... Iron #Deficiency #Anemia
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm ... bradycardia, AV blocks ... Combo of insulin + beta-agonist ... glucose <100 • Beta-agonist ... treatment Remove potassium