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Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... LIFE THREATENING CAUSES ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... Electrolytes (hyperkalemia ... #Differential
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
heparin - ACE-I / ARB ... - NSAlDs - Beta-Blockers ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #differential # ... causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Aldosterone • ENaC blockers ... Aldosterone • ACEi/ARB ... nephropathy • Beta ... #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diuretics • Hypercalcemia-PTH ... and other EGFR ab
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Medications: K+, ACEi/ARBs ... , NSAIDs, β-blockers ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Transient, repeat dose
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Beta-Adrenergic ... [ARBs]) 3 ... (ARBs) 4. ... #Differential #
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Elevation - Differential ... Bundle Branch Block ... bundle-branch block ... voltage Other Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... severe to the dose ... angiotensin receptor blockers ... continued in most cases ... #diagnosis #differential
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
adjusting the dose ... the determined cause ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #management ... cardiology #treatment #table