330 results
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Ducts • Common Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
Syndrome (IBS) Treatment ... Algorithm IBS-Constipation ... Diarrhea: Loperamide, Bile ... Syndrome #IBS #Treatment ... #Management #Algorithm
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
the liver ALP - Biliary ... tree or bile flow ... abnormality vs bone Bili
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extrahepatic - Biliary ... Choledocholithiasis, Biliary ... - Obstruction: Biliary ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Indications for ERCP
1. Biliary Tract Diseases:
 • Biliary obstruction: Choledocholithiasis, Malignant biliary strictures, Benign biliary strictures
Biliary Tract Diseases ... : • Biliary obstruction ... strictures, Benign biliary ... Oddi manometry • Bile ... pancreatitis (treatment
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... small intralobular bile ... of intralobular bile ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
genes coding for bile ... Dysfunction - Biliary ... certain drugs, biliary ... , carcinoma of biliary ... external pressure on bile