656 results
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... US - Dilated Bile ... Duct Stone • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
genes coding for bile ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... external pressure on bile ... #differential #causes
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intestine - Other causes ... Drugs - Primary biliary ... PSC - Other biliary ... diseases/Bile duct
Alpha-gal Syndrome (AGS) - Diagnosis Algorithm
Does patient have recurrent episodes of urticaria, angioedema or isolated GI
AGS) - Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Known tick bites ... irritation at site ... of tick bite • ... AGS #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diseases of the Biliary Tract
Asymptomatic gallstones - Asymptomatic
Symptomatic gallstones - Biliary pain
Cholesterolosis of gallbladder - Usually
Diseases of the Biliary ... Adenomyomatosis - May cause ... biliary pain Porcelain ... quadrant pain, nausea ... quadrant pain, nausea
Jaundice - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pre-Hepatic - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Increased Production
 • Hemolysis
 • Ineffective Erythropoiesis
 • Hematoma
Decreased
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... on Ultrasound Biliary ... Gallstones • Biliary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Mechanism of Action of Bile ... Sequestrants Bile ... Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile ... Pool → ↑ Hepatic Bile ... Plasma LDL-C #biliary
Causes of Severe Acute Liver Injury
 - Ichemic hepatitis
 - Acute biliary obstruction
 - Drug-Induced liver
Causes of Severe ... hepatitis - Acute biliary ... Hemochromatosis - Primary biliary ... Severe #Acute #Causes
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... of intralobular bile ... ducts causes cholestasis ... No extrahepatic biliary ... malignancy #Primary #Biliary
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • US - Normal Bile ... • US - Dilated Bile ... - CBD stone, Biliary ... Transaminitis #Algorithm