12 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... -12, or folate deficiency ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... - Transfusion ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... - Transfusion ... paralysis - Insulin deficiency ... Mineralocorticoid deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia
Folate Deficiency - Causes of Decreased Folic Acid
↓ Intake: Diet, Age, Alcohol
↑ Demand: Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis,
Folate Deficiency ... - Causes of Decreased ... Pregnancy, Infancy, Hemolysis ... drkeithsiau #Folate #Deficiency ... differential #diagnosis #nutrition
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
recipients w/ IgA deficiency ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... more likely to cause
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Insulin deficiency ... tacrolimus) - Decrease ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Tourniquet use - Hemolysis ... Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion ... tissue necrosis Decreased ... #Causes #diagnosis
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
• Decreased dietary ... pregnant have hemolytic ... folate that can cause ... anticonvulsants lead to increase ... diagnosis #hematology #nutrition