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diagnosis differential potassium nephrology high management algorithm hematology pathophysiology pharmacology blood classification comparison hypokalemia low product reactions table binders binding
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis Increased extracellular K+: • Tissue injury • Hemolysis • Rhabdomyolysis •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... Tissue injury • Hemolysis ... intake • Blood transfusion ... of injection Decreased ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... injury • Blood transfusion ... - Transfusion ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
venipuncture • Hemolysis ... injury • Blood transfusion ... - Transfusion ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c == False Elevation == Decreased RBC turnover • Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... Elevation == Decreased ... Content • RBC Transfusions ... blood loss • Hemolytic ... #Decrease #Diagnosis
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Transfusion Thresholds ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... more likely to cause
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia: • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample! • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Hyperkalemia Differential ... ischemia-induced RBC hemolysis ... ) • RBC Hemolysis ... reduce plasma [K+ ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... tacrolimus) - Decrease ... to Aldosterone: K ... Crush injury, Hemolysis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Increased Loss - Increased GI Loss - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Urinary Loss Decreased ... Stimulation of Na/K-ATPase ... which imports K+ ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
• Febrile Non-Hemolytic ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... more likely to cause
Hyperkalemia shortens repolarization; changes in the T wave provide the earliest clues to hyperpotassemia. - At
Hyperkalemia shortens ... repolarization causes ... 6.5 mEq/L, decrease ... in conduction causes ... #Diagnosis #Hyperkalemia
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