22 results
Causes of Bleeding / Bruising - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Thrombocytopenia - Quantitative Defect
 • Decreased Production
 •
Causes of Bleeding ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Steroids • Vasculitis ... Coagulation #Bleeding ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
staining): • Low Complement ... Idiopathic • Normal Complement ... involvement: Anti-GBM Disease ... Glomerulonephritis #Vasculitis ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
ANCA-positive vasculitis ... ANCA-negative vasculitis ... IgA-associated vasculitis ... testing: anti-ANCA ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... of glomerular bleeding ... → Refer to Nephrology ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Consider sickle cell disease ... cardiac valve, vasculitis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... workup #hematology #testing
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... present on repeat testing ... including overnight testing ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... for glomerular disease ... or alternative complement ... for ANCA-related vasculitis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
immune system, leading ... • Autoimmune diseases ... • Low serum C4 complement ... • IgA vasculitis ... • Vasculitis
Drug Induced Kidney Injury
 • Pre-Renal: NSAIDS, CNI, ACEI/ARB, IL-2 therapy, Diuretics CAR-T therapy
 • Osmotic
• Glomerular Disease ... : Drug induced vasculitis ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #Medications
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Disease ... Cryoglobulins (Vasculitic ... Positive Coombs testing ... post infectious setting ... temperatures by fixing complement