19 results
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
) SAAG ≥ 1.1: ... Cirrhosis, Late Budd-Chiari ... syndrome, Massive ... pericarditis, Early Budd-Chiari ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Albumin Gradient (SAAG ... ) SAAG ≥ 1.1: ... thrombosis • Late budd-chiari ... obstruction • Early budd-chiari ... • Nephrotic syndrome
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... • "Muddy Brown ... suggestive of nephrotic sydnrome
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
hypertension (SAAG ... insufficiency - Budd-Chiari ... syndrome ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Myxedema (SAAG
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... #Comparison #Algorithm
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Fatty Liver • Cysts ... Heart Failure • Budd-Chiari ... Syndrome • Constrictive ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... "Muddy-brown" heme-granular ... casts are seen ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
HTN: ascites (SAAG ... and hepatorenal syndrome ... pericarditis • Budd ... Chiari syndrome
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... pericarditis • Budd-Chiari ... syndrome • Inferior ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm