132 results
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... dysfunction, saddle paresthesia ... constitutional symptoms ... deficits, nocturnal pain ... Unresolved Radicular Symptoms
Pancreatic Cyst Diagnosis on Endoscopic Ultrasound EUS
Features of low cancer risk: No symptoms caused by the
cancer risk: No symptoms ... caused by the cyst ... high cancer risk: Symptoms ... caused by the cyst ... and vomiting, or pain
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... spine Signs / Symptoms ... Incontinence • Saddle Anesthesia ... • Neuropathic pain ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
Guidelines for Crises ... is conscious, symptoms ... include chest pain ... Guidelines for crises ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Risk Factors Associated with Post-operative Pulmonary Complications 

Preoperative 
• Asthma/ COPD 
• Recent respiratory infection 
•
surgery • General anesthesia ... • Duration of anesthesia ... Immobilization • Poor pain ... anesthesiology #anesthesia ... #surgery #causes
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone/Area Postrema:
 • Drugs:
	- Chemo agents
	-
Causes of Nausea ... Chemo agents - Anesthesia ... • Stress • Pain ... Malignancy #nausea ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
Ear Pain (Otalgia ... Primary Otalgia - Pain ... from the ear - Pain ... the following symptoms ... • Associated symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... • S - Saddle anesthesia ... - Emergency Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Intraoperative Circulatory Embolus - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Causes: thrombus, fat, amniotic fluid, air/gas.
Signs: hypotension, tachycardia,
Guidelines for Crises ... in Anaesthesia ... Causes: thrombus ... decreased ETCO2 Symptoms ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
aldosterone Causes ... : Most Common Causes ... Tuberculosis: can cause ... • Abdominal pain ... • Back pain