41 results
Somatoform Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Patient presents with complex medical problem or symptoms that
medical problem or symptoms ... Motivation is primary gain ... • Pain Disorder ... - Pain; psychological ... Conversion Disorder - Neurologic
Causes of Back Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Always assess for red flags. If no red flags,
Causes of Back Pain ... dysfunction, saddle paresthesia ... constitutional symptoms ... deficits, nocturnal pain ... Unresolved Radicular Symptoms
Migraine with Aura
Diagnostic Criteria (ICHD-3):
A) At least 2 attacks fulfilling criteria B and C:
B) One or
reversible aura symptoms ... visual aura, but symptoms ... Pins & needles, Paresthesia ... least one aura symptom ... diagnosis #criteria #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
spine Signs / Symptoms ... Incontinence • Saddle Anesthesia ... • Neuropathic pain ... lancinating, burning pain ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
unilateral flank pain ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... Algorithm #Workup #urology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Loss of pain and ... level of iniury, pain ... reflex. saddle anesthesia ... pathophysiology #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Back Pain Red Flags - By Age
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED 
INTRAVENOUS DRUG USE 
HISTORY OF CANCER 
SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS 
ANTICOAGULATION
Back Pain Red Flags ... CANCER SYSTEMIC SYMPTOMS ... ANTICOAGULATION TRAUMA SYMPTOMS ... PROGRESSIVE NEUROLOGIC
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Scotoma, Ocular pain ... /pain upon eye movement ... deficits ranging from paresthesia ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Intraoperative Cardiac Ischaemia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

If the patient is unconscious, signs of cardiac
for Crises in Anaesthesia ... is conscious, symptoms ... include chest pain ... oxygenation and anaesthesia ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... • S - Saddle anesthesia ... • P - Pain ... diagnosis #causes #neurology