129 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
Malaise, bleeding, infections ... -> AML: Blast crises ... pain, bleeding, infections ... - infiltrates (anemia ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Algorithm and Causes ... Increased red cell ... Hemolysis #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #Differential #Causes ... #Workup #Hematology
Causes of Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis
Inherited
 • Membrane
 • Internal
    - Hemoglobin
Causes of Hemolytic ... Anemia - Differential ... Internal - Infectious ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... Extravascular #Causes ... #anemia
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Causes of Neutropenia ... malignancies • Infection ... Myelofibrosis Stem cell ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... #Hematology
Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Platelet Count > 450
Reactive:
 • Anemia/blood loss (Fe deficiency)
 • Infection/Sepsis
 • Non-infectious
Reactive: • Anemia ... deficiency) • Infection ... Sepsis • Non-infectious ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #Platelets #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... ITP • SLE • CLL ... Vasculitis • Infection ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... Artifact (redo CBC ... Myelofibrosis Infectious ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
incompetent • CLL ... weeks without infection ... Lymphocytosis on CBC ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... workup #oncology #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... : • Recurrent infections ... Consider stem cell ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #hematology