167 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Symptoms of UTI ... and treat for UTI ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Common Patterns on Urinalysis
 - Prerenal
 - ATN
 - AIN
 -
ATN - AIN - UTI ... table #comparison #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fever • UTI ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Red:
 - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria
 - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
Hypercalcemia, Pseudomonas UTI ... patients with UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
disease, Pseudomonas UTI ... Bag Syndrome - UTI ... Serratia marcescens UTI ... Proteus mirabilis UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... urine volume): • UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Incontinence (UUI ... infection (cystitis, UTI ... Incontinence (SUI ... or UUI not caused ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology
Epididymitis - CDC 2021 Treatment Guidelines
Recommended Regimen:
 • For acute epididymitis most likely caused by sexually
epididymitis most likely caused ... epididymitis most likely caused ... epididymitis most likely caused ... Epididymitis #CDC #CDC2021 ... Guidelines #Management #STI
Altered Mental Status - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurologic: Stroke, Cerebral hypoxia, Cerebral hemorrhage, Seizure, Trauma, TBI,
Differential Diagnosis • Neurologic ... • Infectious: UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... are caused by prerenal ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology