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diagnosis differential management causes syndrome algorithm colored discoloration encephalopathy gitelman hypokalemia k pathophysiology polyuria posterior potassium pres proteinuria reversible rhabdomyolysis
Abnormally Colored Urine - Differential Diagnosis Framework Red: - Hematuria, Hemoglobinuria, Myoglobinuria - Beets, Rhubarb, Blackberries, Artificial
Abnormally Colored Urine ... jaundice, Familial Hypercalcemia ... , Pseudomonas UTI ... patients with UTI ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g ... Hereditary, Lithium, Hypercalcemia ... Polyuria Mimics (↑ urine ... volume): • UTI ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fever • UTI ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
exertion/training - Seizures ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Treatment of underlying ... hour with goal urine ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
heparinized tube) • ECG ... Peak T, flat P, ST ... lysis) ± Urine ... Cortisol+ACTH stim ... #potassium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Unexplained hypokalemia ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... tachycardia • Seizures ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
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