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Common sodium channel blockers which cause QRS widening.

Anticonvulsants: 
 - Carbamazepine 
Antidysrhythmics:  
 - Group
blockers which cause ... QRS #widening #ECG ... #EKG #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Toxicology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Approach to ECGs - Tachy/Bradyarrhythmias
Tachyarrhythmias - HR > 100
Wide
  (1) VT - DANGER
  (2)
Approach to ECGs ... treat with beta-agonist ... 200ms from longer pause ... bradyarrhythmia #ECG ... #EKG #diagnosis
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diabetes Mellitus:
 • Impaired Glucose Tolerance
 • Type I Diabetes
 • Type
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Acromegaly Medications ... diuretics • Beta agonists ... Hyperglycemia (e.g ... endocrinology #causes
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 
Muscarinic Receptor Agonists
Methacholine
 • Diagnosis of bronchial airway
Carbachol
 • Glaucorna (topical
Methacholine • Diagnosis ... symptomatic bradycardia (e.g ... #Antagonists #Medications ... #Pharmacology # ... Table
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... in kidneys) - Medications ... (e.g. lithium, ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Table #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
- Differential Diagnosis ... side effect (e.g ... side effect (e.g ... Classification #Table ... #Causes
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
• They must be able ... production to cause ... - Beta 1 and 2 agonist ... ventricular arrythmias Diagnostics ... : EKG ($), ECHO
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists ... - Pharmacology ... Ozempic), or daily tablet ... side effects (e.g ... not definitively cause
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
Finger glucose • Medication ... Cardioembolic: • ECG ... +/- TEE (high Afib ... v Holter (r/o Afib ... stroke #workup #diagnosis
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Guide Classes ... GLP-1 receptor agonist ... 0.3-0.6 units/kg ... #pharmacology # ... comparison #table