18 results
Headache Differential - Primary vs Secondary
A vast number of diseases can cause a headache. We divide
of diseases can cause ... headache is the disorder ... headaches are caused ... various exogenous disorders ... Primary #Secondary #Table
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
Acid-Base Disorders ... < 35 mmHg) #AcidBase ... #Disorders #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Cough and Hemoptysis
Acute Inflammation 
 - Laryngitis 
 - Tracheobronchitis 
 - Mycoplasma and
Causes of Cough ... Cardiovascular Disorders ... , Chemicals, Gases ... #Differential #Causes ... #Table
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... Acetazolamide Causes ... MDaniyalHashmi1 #AcidBase ... #disorders #Interpretation
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
illness - Genetic disorders ... Sulfamethoxazole - Genetic disorders ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table ... #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
- Infiltrative disorders ... genetic/congenital disorders ... Various rare genetic disorders ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
organic acids and bases ... filtered Na+/K+/Cl ... filtered Na+ and Cl ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Cardiovascular Causes ... Infarction • Stable ... / Mediastinal Causes ... Sarcoidosis Other Causes ... • Somatoform Disorder
Causes of ileitis beyond Crohn’s disease and infections include systemic disorders -spondyloarthropathies, vasculitides, ischemia, and amyloidosis
Causes of ileitis ... include systemic disorders ... See below for table ... #Differential #Table
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... with previously stable ... with electrolyte disorders ... Causes: • Vascular ... Neurologic disorders