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CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Differential Diagnosis
 • Infections: Cerebral abscess (bacterial, fungal, parasitic), Neurocysticercosis, Tuberculoma, Cerebral
Lesions - Differential ... Malignancy: Metastases (lung ... Demyelinating Disease ... Enhancing #Lesions #Differential ... Diagnosis #neurology #radiology
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Rapid Response Management ... asthma • Pleural disease ... atelectasis • Lung ... Hypoventilation: • CNS ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #differential
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
- Emphysema - Lung ... Honeycombing Most diseases ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... LowAttenuation #Differential
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
lymphoproliferative disease ... lesions • 80% with lung ... • Metastatic disease ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... diagnosis #causes #radiology
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases
 - Pneumonia
 - Atelectasis
 - Emphysema
 - Pneumothorax
 - Effusion
 -
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary ... Diseases - Pneumonia ... #Diseases #Radiology ... #Patterns #Lung ... XRay #ChestCT #Differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... Disease and more ... , Interstitial Lung ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
of Hypoxemia- Differential ... • Interstitial lung ... diseasePulmonary ... Abnormalities • Chest ... Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Differential
Posterior Mediastinal Mass - Differential Diagnosis
 • Neurofibroma
 • Neurosarcoma
 • Neuroblastoma
 • Ganglioneuroma
 • Meningocele
Mediastinal Mass - Differential ... • Small cell lung ... Mediastinal #Mass #Differential ... #Diagnosis #pulmonary ... #radiology #chest
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Hypoxemia Differential ... Hypoventilation: CNS ... neuromuscular disease ... , ↓ chest wall compliance ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #pulmonary
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... hypertension Management ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology