43 results
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... Secondary to chronic lung ... disease (COPD) ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... Tachycardia #MAT #Cardiology
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
• Parenchymal Disease ... • Interstitial lung ... diseasePulmonary ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Hypoventilation Syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Pulmonary vasculature ... Diseases of the ... lung parenchyma ... Alveolar-arterial
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Embolism, Obstructive Lung ... , Interstitial Lung
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... lymphoproliferative disease ... lesions • 80% with lung ... • Metastatic disease ... diagnosis #causes #radiology
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Anticoagulation #Atrial ... #Fibrillation #Cardiology ... #Management #Algorithm
Causes of Palpitations
 • ARRHYTHMiA 
 • SINUS ARRYTHMIA 
 • ATRIAL FIBRILLATION 
 • ATRIAL
ARRYTHMIA • ATRIAL ... FIBRILLATION • ATRIAL ... PARKINSON WHITE SYNDROME ... PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA • PULMONARY ... Differential #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Diffuse Lung Disease ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... • Chronic Lung ... Arterial Hypertension ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
with caution in pulmonary ... disease or CHF) ... disease or CHF) ... Tachycardia #Treatment #management ... #cardiology #algorithm
Sarcoidosis
Stage 1 - Bilateral LAD without involvement of lung parenchyma
Stage 2 - Bilateral LAD with involvement
4 - Fibrosis Pulmonary ... disease with infiltrates ... chylothorax, and pulmonary ... sarcoid Lofgren Syndrome ... - Triad of hilar