30 results
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
Isolated lower, bilateral ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... sarcoid or other CNS ... inflammatory cause
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
gene mutated in all ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... such as hemianopia ... #differential #
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
and Headache - Differential ... - Autonomic symptoms ... meningeal irritation signs ... Trochlear headache • CNS ... #diagnosis #ophthalmology
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
13 Dangerous Causes ... hypertension - CNS ... immunocompromise, CNS ... thrombophilia, neurologic signs ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... equina syndrome (CES ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... myelopathy • Transverse
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
• Neurologic symptoms ... suggest a mass as ... the cause ... Cranial Nerve IV ... #Ophthalmology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
and signs below ... Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... sclerosis - Transverse ... , HIV, CMV, HTLV
Adie's Pupil
What? Unknown nature & benign
 • Regular and mildly dilated pupil (4-6mm);
 • Light-near dissociaton;
Young females Differential ... Diagnosis: • CN ... dissociation • Other causes ... #Adies #Pupil #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #ophthalmology
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... cord lesion • Bilateral ... signs and/or symptoms ... simplex virus, HIV ... management #neurology #differential