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differential algorithm caudaequina clinical comatose cord dermatomes dislocation disorders equina extremity injury lowerlimb management manifestations motor msk myelitis myotomes neuromyelitis
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
Reflexes: • Knee ... Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... #motor #leg #physicalexam
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... (CES) is usually ... myelopathy • Transverse ... lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... #causes #neurology
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... Many others • Transverse ... pain • Extra-CNS ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
that results in CNS ... flexors of the legs ... Myelitis Diagnosis ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... #management #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
Lower roots -> Cauda ... sclerosis - Transverse ... Vascular/Blockage ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #neurology #differential
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient Definition: • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam ... #neurology #comatose ... #diagnosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework When to Consider Vasculitis: • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions • Mononeuritis multiplex • Hematuria, proteinuria,
arthralgia, arm/leg ... pulse deficits vascular ... tract, and often causes ... purpura (lower legs ... chorioretinitis, CNS
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
DISLOCATION: ~25% cases ... Neurologic deficit ... Neurologic injuries ... nerve injury (25%) TEST ... msk #clinical #video
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