90 results
Optic Disc Edema

The optic disc is elevated and its surface is covered by cotton wool spots
is elevated and its ... #papilledema #fundoscopy ... #ophthalmology
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... OpticDisc #Cupping #fundoscopy ... #ophthalmology
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy ... #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... ) #Clinical #Ophthalmology ... #Fundoscopy #Central
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... nervous system (CNS ... Inflammatory causes ... : • Susac syndrome ... • Sjögren syndrome
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Cushing’s syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism CNS ... /agitation • CNS ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Anterior Uveitis - Differential Diagnosis
Anterior Uveitis - 90% of cases of Uveitis
 • Inflammation
Causes of Anterior ... Posner-Schlossman Syndrome ... HIA B27-related syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #ophthalmology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
in Wonderland Syndrome ... • CNS: parietal ... (Many causes!) ... * (most common cause ... Alice #Wonderland #Syndrome
Important Causes of Diplopia 
TIER 1-CRITICAL
Basilar artery thrombosis, Botulism, Basilar meningitis, Aneurysmn
TIER 2-EMERGENT:
Vertebral dissection, Myasthenia gravis,
Important Causes ... , Orbital apex syndrome ... Miller-Fisher syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #ophthalmology
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Cardiorenal Syndrome ... (CRS) Types • ... Type 1 - Acute CRS ... shifts may be in cause ... #Cardiorenal #Syndrome