7 results
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
transfusion • HTN and edema ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Na delivery): CHF ... only if no clear cause ... caution in HTN & edema ... #potassium #nephrology
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... fluid balance, and CXR ... with pulmonary ... edema) • Fever
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... epilepticus Treatment ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... including laxative, enema ... - Diuretics (carbonic ... #diagnosis #nephrology