2871 results
Diagnostic Algorithm for Dizziness and Vertigo
Peripheral Vertigo:
 • Attacks: Sudden, severe, can last anywhere from seconds
with vascular causes ... positional episodes caused ... in semicircular canal ... test (posterior canal ... test (horizontal canal
Dizziness - Central and Peripheral Causes - Differential Diagnosis
Central Causes:
 • Cerebrovascular:  vertebrobasilar, TIA, Wallenburg,
and Peripheral Causes ... Diagnosis Central Causes ... Malformation Peripheral Causes ... • Semicircular canal ... Central #Peripheral #Causes
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
of the external canal ... Obstruction of external canal ... Obstruction of external canal ... Obstruction of external canal ... cause unknown)
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
classic posterior canal ... in horizontal canal ... with vascular causes
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
otalgia Most Common Causes ... externa Mechanical Causes ... zoster Neoplastic Causes ... Inflammatory Causes ... external ear and ear canal
Vertigo - is it central or peripheral? Vertigo is classified into either peripheral or central depending
it can also be caused ... Vertigo that is caused ... the semicircular canals
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
in the Spinal canal ... pathophysiology #causes
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Commonly caused ... Narrowing of spinal canal
Gonorrhea: Pathophysiology

 - Neonatal Transmission -> Direct contact of patient mucosa with mother's infected mucosa while
down the birth canal ... antibodies and causes
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... muscle and external anal ... Incr pressure of anal ... canal -> Evacuation