18 results
Chest Pain - Diagnosis and Workup Algorithm

History and Exam
Acute life-threatening causes:
 • Acute myocardial infarction
 •
Chest Pain - Diagnosis ... Pneumothorax • Pulmonary ... embolism • Cardiac ... ultrasound • CXR ... Serial troponin; HEART
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
exercise intolerance, chest ... Cardiac: • Valvular ... Decompensated HF ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Cardiology #Management #Algorithm
Tetralogy of Falot on Chest X-Ray
Tetralogy of Falot comprises four defects -
1. Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
2.
typical boot shaped heart ... caused the upturned cardiac ... along with concave Pulmonary ... the most common cardiac ... #XRay #CXR #clinical
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Chronic Dyspnea - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Effusion • Cardiac ... Thickening/Masses Chest ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
Right-Sided Heart ... Failure - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cardiac Causes ... out Left-Sided Heart
Atrial Fibrillation (A-Fib) Summary

Symptoms:
• Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

Why?
Cardiac:
	• Valvular heart
exercise intolerance, chest ... Cardiac: • Valvular ... Decompensated HF ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... (< 5% pts with afibb
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... muscle twitching CARDIAC ... Nonarrhythmic Cardiac ... prosthetic valve NON-CARDIAC ... Pheochromocytoma • Pulmonary
Undifferentiated critical congenital heart disease: Patterns of Presentation 
Pink baby:
 • Presents at 1-6 mo
Undifferentiated critical ... blood flow • HF ... determines if cardiac ... or pulmonary source ... #presentation #Differential
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the result of insufficient output because of cardiac failure, high resistance
Congestive heart ... output because of cardiac ... results in decreased cardiac ... can be seen on a chest-film ... #CXR #Features
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Heart failure with ... Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... Consider cardiac