25 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... Hyperparathyroidism: ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
overgrowth: • Carpal ... Cardiovascular disease ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... expansion (e.g. carpal ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Diagnosis and Management ... Activation: Liver disease ... , Kidney Disease ... Syndrome - Calcium ... #endocrinology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Graves’ Disease: ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
A 70-year-old woman attends a check-up with a family doctor. As a background, he has a
thyroidectomy for Graves' disease ... studies, an ionic calcium ... is taken, pedal carpal ... the Trousseau sign ... #Trousseau #Sign
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... treatment (no calcium ... TLS #diagnosis #management
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
 • Introduction
 • Classification
 • Pathophysiology of TAPVR
 • Presentation
Classification • Pathophysiology ... Classic “snowman sign ... Pre-Operative Management ... Post-Operative Management ... Outcomes by Cara
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Pott's Disease in ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... CMC_IM #Potts #Disease