16 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... Hyperparathyroidism: ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
overgrowth: • Carpal ... Cardiovascular disease ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... expansion (e.g. carpal ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
Graves’ Disease: ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
rare, gestational diseases ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
A 70-year-old woman attends a check-up with a family doctor. As a background, he has a
thyroidectomy for Graves' disease ... studies, an ionic calcium ... is taken, pedal carpal ... the Trousseau sign ... #Trousseau #Sign
Trachoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Environmental Factors -> Bacterial infection is encouraged by poor hygiene
bacterium • Disease ... in the superior tarsal ... Extensive upper tarsal ... Trachoma #Chlamydia #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
> Clearance of calcium ... mineralization of calcium ... Pseudogout #CPPD #Disease ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Pathophysiology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
Pathogenesis and Joint diseases ... boggy" joints, esp carpal ... Extra-articular signs ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Keratoconus: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Genetics
 • Family history of keratoconus
 • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
 • Down, Turner,
rubbing • Atopic diseases ... > Keratoconus Signs ... • Rizutti's Sign ... #Keratoconus #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology