22 results
Rheumatoid Arthritis Summary
MCP and PIP Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome, Epi/Scleritis, Heart Disease, Rheumatoid
Involvement, Spares DIP, Carpal ... Tunnel, Sicca Syndrome ... Scleritis, Heart Disease ... (RA + Neutropenia ... #rheumatology #signs
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... )-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #high #endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... overgrowth: • Carpal ... Tunnel Syndrome ... Cardiovascular disease ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... with systemic diseases ... rheumatoid arthritis (RA ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... high WBC count cause ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
Pathogenesis and Joint diseases ... boggy" joints, esp carpal ... Extra-articular signs ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA ... inflammation tends to cause ... interstitial lung disease ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer’s Disease ... mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
A 70-year-old woman attends a check-up with a family doctor. As a background, he has a
thyroidectomy for Graves' disease ... is taken, pedal carpal ... the Trousseau sign ... skeletal muscles to cause ... #Trousseau #Sign