43 results
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
CP • Cough, dyspnea ... • CT: Halo sign ... • Cough and dyspnea ... , pleural effusion ... Infections #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea ... Pericardial • Effusion ... Abnormalities • Pleural Effusions ... Alveoli • Pneumonia ... Acidosis #Chronic #Dyspnea
Pediatric Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Stridor:
 • Croup
 • Foreign Body
 • Tracheitis
 • Epiglottitis
 •
Pediatric Dyspnea ... Crackles: • Pneumonia ... Body • Pleural Effusion ... Ketoacidosis • Pulmonary ... Embolism #Dyspnea
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
Associated Lung Ultrasound ... pleura reflection) Pneumonia ... Possible small plural effusion ... Possible bilateral effusion ... #Lung #POCUS #ultrasound
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
this patient have pneumonia ... e.g., CXR, CT, ultrasound ... symptoms (e.g., dyspnea ... chest pain) and signs ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac:
 • Dysrhythmia
 • Ischemia
 • Cardiomyopathy
 • Valvular disease
Causes of Dyspnea ... Parenchyma: • Pneumonia ... • Pulmonary edema ... Pleura: • Pleural effusion ... amzn.to/2LmUODZ #Dyspnea
Eosinophilic Pneumonia
When to suspect Eosinophilic Pneumonia? Non-resolving pneumonia + BAL > 25% eosinophils + excluded more
Eosinophilic Pneumonia ... Fever+, Cough+, Dyspnea ... Ground Glass +/- Effusions ... Consolidations AKA "inverse pulmonary ... #diagnosis #pulmonary
Right pleural effusion with "spine sign" seen beautifully by using large footprint curvilinear transducer on lung
Right pleural effusion ... with "spine sign ... Point of Care Ultrasound ... Lung #Pleural #Effusion ... #ultrasound #pulmonary
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of organizing pneumonia ... History: cough, dyspnea ... Rare: pleural effusions ... , Pulmonary lymphoma ... #COP #BOOP #pulmonary
Pneumonia with irregular step ladder or "shred sign" on Lung Ultrasound (POCUS)

Dr. J. Christian Fox @jchristianfox

#Pneumonia
Pneumonia with irregular ... ladder or "shred sign ... " on Lung Ultrasound ... jchristianfox #Pneumonia ... #lung #pulmonary