11 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... damage to sacral nerves ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #symptoms
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... compression of nerve ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... decompression #CaudaEquina ... #diagnosis #causes
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
- Differential Diagnosis ... cause unknown) ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... Noise trauma ○ MS ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
in the Spinal canal ... Superior gluteal nerve ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Myasthenia Gravis Overview

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder of the postsynaptic neuromuscular junction.  Ab to
Bedside: ice pack test ... /Edrophonium test ... - Cogan sign ... - Peek sign 2. ... - Repetitive nerve
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Guillain-Barré Syndrome ... Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... than one after symptom ... and sensitive tests ... roots and cauda
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... bone formation MSK ... the vertebral canal ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
Differential Diagnosis ... • Locked-in syndrome ... threat Cranial Nerves ... • Examine for signs ... Casey Albin MD @
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... negative, MOG-IgG test ... • Infectious causes ... brain and/or optic nerve
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... tract, and often causes ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... purpura: strong sign ... retinopathy Lab Tests