52 results
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
diabetes Key signs/symptoms ... , N/V, diffuse abdominal ... altered mental status ... lethargy, coma, seizure
Differential Considerations for a Seizure or Seizure-like Event
The following diagnoses may have presentations that can be
or Seizure-like ... Extrapyramidal symptoms ... Delirium tremens INFECTIOUS ... - CNS infections ... Panic attacks - Cataplexy
Campylobacter
Clinical 
 • Fever 
 • Abdominal pain 
 • Diarrhea (bloody stools) 
 • Vomiting
Campylobacter Clinical ... • Fever • Abdominal ... Vomiting • Seizure ... • Supportive (infection
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis 
- Most comrnon CNS infection in patients with AIDS 
who are not receiving appropriate
Most comrnon CNS infection ... prophylaxis Clinical ... Altered mental status ... • Seizure
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
should be based on clinical ... personality change, seizures ... altered mental status ... complaints or seizures ... aphasia, and/or seizures
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... stiffness, BBD, mental status ... Opportunistic infections ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Altered mental status ... Altered mental status ... Preeclampsia, Eclampsia, Infection ... Neurological symptoms ... Diagnosis: • Infection
Beta-Blocker Overdose/toxicity:

•	Bradycardia & hypotension (most common).
•	Myocardial depression & cardiogenic shock (severe overdoses). 
•	Ventricular dysrhythmias (Common with
Others (mental status ... change, seizure ... • Co-ingestions ... Nearly all develop symptoms
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Altered mental status ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... fever, myalgia), seizures ... lesion • CNS infection
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis. 
Neurological (<15%): Dizziness, syncope, seizures, Confusion, impending doom. headache
Angioedema: Lips, tongue, orbit,
Clinical manifestations ... Dizziness, syncope, seizures ... intestinal edema, abdominal ... anaphylaxis #signs #symptoms