174 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Normovolemic hyponatremia ... Diarrhea #Hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Reset osmostat, Cerebral
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Hypertension, ICH, Cerebral ... Vasculitis, Reversible cerebral ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypocalcemia, Cerebral
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Osmotic diuresis, Cerebral ... salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Cerebral ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... - Cirrhosis Syndrome ... osmostat - Cerebral ... DrEricStrong #Hyponatremia
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... @Stones__ #Cerebral ... diagnosis #nephrology #hyponatremia
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia
Vertebral Body Abnormalities

A sheet of common (and uncommon) vertebral body findings, because a completely “normal” spine
Vertebral Body Abnormalities ... (and uncommon) vertebral ... Vertebra Hurler Syndrome ... Morquio Syndrome ... Abnormalities #Radiology #MSK
Rate of Correction of Hypernatremia and Health Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients

CJASN May 2019, 14 (5)
Correction of Hypernatremia ... correction of hypernatremia ... consciousness, and/or cerebral ... hospital-acquired hypernatremia ... #Hypernatremia #