9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
High or Normal ... Low PTH: • High ... - High 25 ... Intoxication - High ... #Workup #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
mmol creatinine) High ... EABV, High Plasma ... HCO3- • Low Urine ... piperacillin • High ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... urinary losses: • High ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
to diarrhea, a high ... high in kidney ... , a high urine chloride ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
isolation) GI loss - Urine ... Magnesium depletion High ... renin, High aldosterone ... renin, High aldosterone ... #Nephrology #Differential
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
HIV dementia Pathophysiology ... Patchy areas of high ... The clinical syndrome ... #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... table #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology