45 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: Commonly no signs ... pain Psychiatric Symptoms ... Alteration in hunger ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
Symptoms: Fatigue, Pruritus, Right upper quadrant discomfort
Signs: Jaundice, Xanthelasmata, Hepatomegaly
Associated history:
Primary Biliary ... Algorithm Symptoms ... quadrant discomfort Signs ... PBC if 2/3 criteria ... Elevated ALP 2.
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
/Symptoms: • Usually ... be present or signs ... Pathophysiology: ... Urine cultures also ... #management
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
reflexes) • Urinary ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
• Myopathy (Also ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
syndromes such as ... Signs and symptoms ... criteria for MS ... • Primary Progressive ... #management #neurology
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Symptoms (included in DSM 5 criteria) - Present during
included in DSM 5 criteria ... ) - Worse in winter ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... (3) primary lateral ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... : months - Criteria ... #management
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
and Management ... cases Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... Dehydration • Symptoms ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... Lysis Syndrome: • Pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #management