33 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Hypercalcemia, Hypermagnesemia ... Hypocalcemia, Hypomagnesemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Symptoms and Signs of Hypomagnesemia
Neuromuscular:
 - Tetany, Muscle weakness, Chvostek and Trousseau signs, Cerebellar (ataxia, nystagmus,
Symptoms and Signs ... of Hypomagnesemia ... Muscle weakness, Chvostek ... Dysphagia, Anorexia, nausea ... #magnesium #Symptoms
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
unilateral flank pain ... nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiovascular Causes:
 - Outflow Obstruction
     • Aortic
Chest Pain - Differential ... Cardiovascular Causes ... Infarction • Stable ... Embolism (chest pain ... • Trauma - Neurologic
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... Gerstmann #Syndrome #neurology
Features That Differentiate Acute Pericarditis from Myocardial Ischemia or Infarction and Pulmonary Embolism

In contrast to the
contrast to the pain ... The pain usually ... life-threatening causes ... #Pericarditis #Symptoms ... Presentation #comparison #Table
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
patients have no symptoms ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... , cough, chest pain ... (2-5%), liver (pain ... 12-20%, spleen (pain
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
wasting, radicular pain ... dysfunction, back pain ... Worsening of previous neurologic ... • Caused by immune ... differential #TB #neurology
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
decades of life Causes ... and duration of symptoms ... angioedema Other symptoms ... , abdominal pain ... rheumatology #comparison #table
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Causes of spinal ... Lower motor neuron symptoms ... Upper motor neuron symptoms ... differential #diagnosis #neurology