12 results
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #differential # ... #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Kidney Disease - Differential ... least 3 months Pre-Renal ... hyperplasia • Constipation ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... #Differential #
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Reduced Excretion - Differential ... EABV (e.g., CHF, cirrhosis ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... intake: Alcoholism (cirrhosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Blood transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Reversible course Differential ... lines/devices, Constipation ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Failure, Liver Cirrhosis ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM Res ... Algorithm #diagnosis #causes ... #low
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... delivery): CHF, cirrhosis ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... #Hyponatremia #differential
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Diagnosis and Management ... mortality in ICU Causes ... , Treatment of pre-eclampsia ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... #magnesium #nephrology
Causes of Constipation in Adults
Most common
 - Inadequate fiber or fluid intake
 - Poor bowel habits
Systemic
Causes of Constipation ... - Metabolic: hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia, ... porphyria - Neurologic ... #Causes #Differential