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diagnosis nephrology hypokalemia low medications rhabdomyolysis alkalosis chloride diuresis diuretics evaluation excretion hyponatremia hypotonic k metabolic pathophysiology pharmacology physiologic polymorphic
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Renal K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
, mild hypomagnesemia ... (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... #management #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertensive: • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism • High Al, High
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
heart disease, cirrhosis ... Figure 3 is an algorithm ... for the management ... , and Table 3 summarizes ... #Management #Medications
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 Evaluation and Management of Hypokalemia Hypokalemia is often asymptomatic. Evaluation begins with a search for warning signs
heart disease or cirrhosis ... Most cases of hypokalemia-induced ... of concurrent hypomagnesemia ... depletion impedes potassium ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
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 Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Monitor potassium ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
delivery): CHF, cirrhosis ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
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