12 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Nephrotic syndrome, Cirrhosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... K loss • Hypomagnesemia-induced ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... and potassium acid ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... : Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Summary Causes ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
delivery): CHF, cirrhosis ... lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K