3536 results
Right Heart Catheterization Cheat Sheet: Interpretation of Pressures and Waveforms 
Direct measurements
 ● Central venous pressure
pressures (RA, RV) ● Pulmonary ... pressure (PAp) ● Pulmonary ... Cardiac output (CO ... ) ● Pulmonary ... CheatSheet #Waveforms #Cardiology
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
Catheterization - Pulmonary ... and Calculations PULMONARY ... meanPAP-PCWP) / CO ... [(MAP - RAP) / CO ... catheter #diagnosis #cardiology
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Management Principles

General Therapeutic Principles:
Reduce the congestive state 
 - Caution
apnea - Common co-morbidity ... hypertension, pulmonary ... #Management #Cardiology
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
Distributive: • High CO ... Cardiogenic: • Low CO ... Obstructive: • Low CO ... , CVP > 12 • Pulmonary ... Hypovolemic: • Low CO
POCUS - Measuring Cardiac Output
1) Calculate LVOT Area
2) Calculate LVOT VTI
3) Calculate Cardiac Output

SV = (LVOT
) x (LVOT VTI) CO ... LVOT VTI) X HR CO ... Cardiac #Output #CO ... #Measurement #cardiology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 - MAP <65. SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 -
Lactate > 1.5 High CO ... Cord Injury Low CO ... • Obstructive: Pulmonary
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Framework MAP = CO ... third-spacing • ↓ CO ... arrhythmia • ↓ CO ... PE, PAH • ↓ CO ... drugs/toxins • ↑ CO
Sinus Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Autonomic System:
 • Excess Stimulation: Nicotine, Caffeine, Sympathomimetics, Anticholinergics
 • Withdrawal:
Pheochromocytoma Inadequate CO ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
 • COPD Definition
 • Role of PFTs
 • COPD Classification and
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... - Assess for co-morbidities ... #Obstructive #Pulmonary
Oxygen Delivery Equation
DO2 = CO x {(1.39 x Hb x sO2) + (PaO2 x 0.03)}
DO2 =
Equation DO2 = CO ... delivery in mL/min CO ... Cardiac output (CO ... pathophysiology #pulmonary