25 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine can induce color ... hematuria • Signs ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... • Infection (Viral ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... Sometimes history of viral ... without an obvious cause ... usually between ages ... signs or symptoms
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Primary (Idiopathic): Unknown etiology, but associated
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... a stroke that caused ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs #stages ... #staging #msk
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
Optica (NMO) - Clinical ... mild to severe, Colour ... involvement: Intractable nausea ... Manifestations #diagnosis #neurology ... #symptoms #signs
Bell's Palsy - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook

Acute Idiopathic Unilateral Facial Nerve (CN7) Palsy
Presentation:
- Atypical Clinical ... ophthalmoplegia), systemic signs ... Imaging (if atypical symptoms ... CNS inflammatory cause ... #Treatment #Neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... • Common clinical ... influenzae Symptoms ... Acute meningeal signs ... Altered mental status
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... acutely ill • Colored ... • Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... damage & blindness Signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... hypercoagulable states ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology