11 results
What's in a Tap: CSF Analysis

Normal vs Bacterial vs Viral vs SAH
 - Opening Pressure
 -
in a Tap: CSF Analysis ... Cerebrospinal #CSF #Fluid #Analysis ... #Interpretation ... Meningitis #Comparison #Table ... #Neurology #Diagnosis
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Acidosis (RTA) Type ... of secretion Type ... proximal features and high ... #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... tubular acidosis (Types ... and 2, but not type ... Low #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... Failure • SLE • Type ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Key Components: ... ASA class If high ... Risk Stratify Type ... What is the type ... stratification #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... phlebotomy High ... Failure • SLE • Type ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Familial periodic paralysis ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Classification: ... HRS-AKI (formerly Type ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly Type ... Prognosis: • High ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... hyperK periodic paralysis ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... pseudohypoaldosteronism type ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #High #Potassium ... #Classification