9 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... nephrotic syndrome) Euvolemic ... always exclude: CKD ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... - diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... , confusion, seizures ... history (cardiac, liver ... #Hypovolemic #Euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Euvolemic ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Pancreatitis • Euvolemia ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... the underlying cause ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #management #nephrology ... #sodium
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... hypervolemic and euvolemic ... hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Exclude other AKI causes ... • Urine sodium ... Treatment Overview ... Hepatorenal #Syndrome #Hepatology ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Management of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Pruritus with no primary lesions - differential diagnosis:
pruritus • Liver ... pruritus • Hematologic ... #Pruritus #Treatment ... #Algorithm #Hemodialysis ... #CKD