11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... 1 . ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Once ... discrete buckets: 1. ... filling of bucket (low ... #workup #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... AlgorithmLow ... Hyperphosphatemia, Acute ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #calcium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
• Drugs • Pulmonary ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
• Drugs • Pulmonary ... Malignancy True hypovolemia ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
: • Hypovolemia ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... +K / serum Na >1 ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Injury (AKI) 1) ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... Na delivery): CHF ... reabsorption) Workup ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology