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Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic hematuria ... proteinuria, granular casts ... Nephritis #AIN #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Malignancy or other tumor ... - Structural - Cysts ... Anticoagulation, Facititious hematuria ... #Hematuria #Differential
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... Urine #Microscopy #Casts ... #Comparison #Chart
The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
Emphysema - Lung cysts ... Differential #Diagram #Comparison ... TractionBronchiectasis #Cysts ... Emphysema #SignetRing #RadiologyAssistant
Overview of Pancreatic Cysts
True Epithelial Cyst
Serous Cystadenoma (SCA)
Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm (MCN)
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Cystic Neuroendocrine
of Pancreatic Cysts ... Neuroendocrine Tumors ... #Pancreatic #Cysts ... #comparison #table
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
(LAM): uniform cysts ... bizarre shaped cysts ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases