14 results
Tachypnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Definitions
 • Tachypnea: Respiratory rate > 20/min, shallow breathing in adults
 •
20/min, shallow breathing ... > 20/min, deep breathing ... Pulmonary Causes ... Tachypnea: • Asthma ... • COPD • Pneumonia
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Obstruction • Asthma ... • COPD • Bronchiectasis ... Pneumonia • ARDS • COPD ... • Metabolic Acidosis
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic Causes ... Acute: Trauma, COPD ... , COPD, CTEPH, ILD ... : Tumor, Vocal cord ... Chronic: Metabolic acidosis
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Tamponade Pulmonary ... • Airways: - Asthma ... - COPD - Bronchiectasis ... Additional: - Acidosis ... #pulmonary
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
and metabolic acidosis ... due to metabolic acidosis ... asthma, chronic ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
COPD phenotypes:  Blue Bloaters vs. Pink Puffers
The two most stereotypical forms of COPD are pink
COPD phenotypes: ... stereotypical forms of COPD ... physiology and clinical ... overlap syndrome of COPD ... #Diagnosis #COPD
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acetazolamide Causes ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... - Salicylates Causes ... lung disease (COPD ... , OSA, Asthma, Obesity
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
pleura in severe cases ... lung sliding COPD ... or Asthma: - ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #signs #Lung #POCUS
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
In COPD, decreases ... edema) • COPD ... on chronic resp acidosis ... patients (ie., CHF or COPD ... failure (ie.. asthma
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
e.g., uptake by cells ... of lactate as a clinical ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... Seizures - Severe asthma ... output - Acute pulmonary