6882 results
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
eosinophilopoietic cytokines ... Common causes: ... disease Rare causes ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
in inflammatory cytokines ... → Inflammation causes ... and iron release Diagnosis ... endpoint of all-cause ... #heartfailure #diagnosis
Fever vs Hyperthermia
Fever:
 • Regulated in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
 • "Set point" raised by prostaglandin
Endotoxins, Toxins, Cytokines ... rapidly fatal • Causes ... Identify underlying cause ... Cooling blankets can cause ... Hyperthermia #comparison #diagnosis
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
keratinocytes release cytokines ... hair follicles -> causes ... pathophysiology #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
pro-inflammatory cytokines ... Auto-amplification loop Diagnosis ... hemophagocytosis = additional diagnostic ... Drugs, Unknown cause ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis
Kounis Syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (symptoms such as chest pain relating to reduced blood flow to the
to the heart) caused ... of inflammatory cytokines ... #Diagnosis #Kounis
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis ... Epithelioid cells → cytokines ... symptoms are not caused ... at the time of diagnosis ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology
 • 20% of septic pts → HYPOTHERMIA
 • Increased mortality 62%
proinflammatory cytokines ... anti-inflammatory cytokine
Causes of Fever: IMADE Mnemonic
INFECTION
 • Infection 1.0 - Common & Localizing: Base Rate
 • Infection
Causes of Fever: ... increased inflammtory cytockines ... IMADE #Mnemonic #Causes ... #IMADDE #diagnosis
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
accumulated inflammatory cytokines ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause ... #Transfusion #diagnosis