22 results
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN signs ... Clonus, Babinski’s sign ... • Lhermitte’s sign ... pupillary defect SIGNS ... Signs and symptoms
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
inflammatory cells) Clinical ... exertion • Neurologic ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Symptoms ... #Signs #Pulmonary
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in ... #neurology #diagnosis
Lyme Disease: Early and Late Clinical manifestations
Stage 1. Localized
 • EM appears 7-14 days at the
Early and Late Clinical ... abnormalities are ... • Heralded by neurologic ... Disease #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Ptosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Ptosis (Greek- to fall) Drooping of the upper eyelid that usually results
think about three clinical ... Neurogenic Ptosis - Neurologic ... toxin • Multiple sclerosis ... Syndrome #Ptosis #neurology ... Differential #Diagnosis #ophthalmology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... and signs below ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... Scleroderma, Systemic sclerosis ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Stage 2: Moderate/sclerotic ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Skeletal Pathology of the Hip
 • Arthritis
 • Congenital hip dysplasia
Pathogenesis and clinical ... Chondrodysplasia Neurologic ... position of knee due ... pathophysiology #causes #symptoms ... #signs #diagnosis
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Pathogenesis and clinical ... compression, often with pre-existing ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... filling pushing urine ... Pathophysiology #Signs ... #Symptoms #Urology