12 results
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
Drugs that Impair ... Renal Potassium ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia

Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
caused by excess potassium ... intake, impaired ... potassium excretion ... transcellular shifts ... multifactorial, with impaired
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Digoxin Pharmacology ... and Pathophysiology ... the cell, serum potassium ... CaitEKulig #Digoxin #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Intracellular Shift ... resistance Impaired ... diagnosis #causes #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Shift of extracellular ... Monitor potassium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... transcellular shift ... clotting factors - impair ... NS #comparison #pharmacology
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... 2,3-DPG which shifts ... Hypophosphatemia also impairs ... -DPG causing a shift ... respiratory #hypoxia #pathophysiology